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Argument from Values

Also Known As: value-based argument normative argument appeal to principles
Argumentation Scheme ID: argument_from_values

Definition

The argument from values asserts that a particular action, policy, or position should be adopted because it aligns with or promotes a specified value (justice, freedom, equality, prosperity, safety, etc.). The scheme links factual claims about consequences to normative claims about what matters. It is the most fundamental form of normative argumentation: we should do X because X serves value V, and V is important. Its strength depends on whether the audience shares the invoked value and whether the action truly promotes it.

Examples

We should provide free school lunches to all students regardless of family income because every child deserves equal access to nutrition and education. The value of equality and child welfare outweighs the additional cost to taxpayers.

We should implement a four-day work week because personal time, family life, and mental health are values that a humane society must protect. Productivity gains documented in pilot programs show we don't have to sacrifice economic output to honor these values.

This social media platform should remove all anonymous accounts because transparency and accountability are foundational to honest public discourse. When people speak under their real names, they are more likely to engage responsibly and less likely to spread harmful content.

Verification Steps
Verification Steps
Binary yes/no questions that an AI must answer to detect a reasoning pattern in a text.
Each of the 452 aspects has verification steps — simple yes/no questions designed to systematically detect whether a pattern appears in a text. For ad hominem: "Does the argument attack a person rather than their claim?" For false dichotomy: "Are only two options presented when more exist?" This ensures consistent, reproducible analysis.

Binary (yes/no) questions an LLM must answer to identify this aspect:

  1. 1

    Is a specific value being invoked to support a conclusion?

    Type: binary
  2. 2

    Is the value actually relevant to the situation at hand?

    Type: binary
  3. 3

    Are competing values being acknowledged and weighed?

    Type: binary
  4. 4

    Is the claimed connection between the value and the action genuine?

    Type: binary
Deep Dive
The expandable detail section on each aspect page with examples, psychology, and counter-strategies.
The Deep Dive section provides in-depth information about each aspect: a real-world example showing the pattern in action, an explanation of why it works psychologically, practical advice on how to counter it, alternative names, and links to related aspects.