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Attentional Bias

Also Known As: Selective Attention Bias
Cognitive Bias ID: attentional_bias

Definition

Attentional bias is the tendency to pay disproportionate attention to certain types of stimuli while ignoring others, driven by recurring thoughts, emotional states, or preoccupations. This selective attention creates a filtered view of reality where certain information is amplified and other information is effectively invisible.

Examples

A person anxious about their health notices every minor body sensation - a slight headache, a muscle twitch - and interprets each as a potential symptom of serious illness, while ignoring the vast majority of moments when they feel perfectly fine.

A politician running a tough re-election campaign scans every news article and social media post for criticism of their record, mentally cataloguing each negative comment while barely registering the many supportive messages — leaving them convinced public opinion is far more hostile than polling actually shows.

A manager who recently had a conflict with a colleague starts noticing every time that person arrives a few minutes late or leaves early, mentally logging each instance as evidence of laziness, while completely overlooking the many days they arrive on time and stay late.

Verification Steps
Verification Steps
Binary yes/no questions that an AI must answer to detect a reasoning pattern in a text.
Each of the 452 aspects has verification steps — simple yes/no questions designed to systematically detect whether a pattern appears in a text. For ad hominem: "Does the argument attack a person rather than their claim?" For false dichotomy: "Are only two options presented when more exist?" This ensures consistent, reproducible analysis.

Binary (yes/no) questions an LLM must answer to identify this aspect:

  1. 1

    Is the focus disproportionately placed on a particular type of information?

    Type: binary
  2. 2

    Is the focus driven by recurring thoughts, concerns, or emotional preoccupation?

    Type: binary
  3. 3

    Is other relevant information being systematically overlooked?

    Type: binary
Deep Dive
The expandable detail section on each aspect page with examples, psychology, and counter-strategies.
The Deep Dive section provides in-depth information about each aspect: a real-world example showing the pattern in action, an explanation of why it works psychologically, practical advice on how to counter it, alternative names, and links to related aspects.